Possible detection of physiological state disorders with the help of medicinal leeches Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820
Keywords:
medicinal leech, blood, physiological state, organismAbstract
In the experiment, 160 medicinal leeches of the species Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 were studied. Medicinal leeches were fed on the blood of animals and people (conditionally healthy and diseased). Four leeches were taken from each animal/person. The animals were studied for 3 weeks. Mortality was mostly observed in the first days after feeding on the blood of the host. We noted mortality, the appearance of constrictions on the leeches’ body, the intensity of the host blood spitting from their body. The host’s blood was taken from their stomach on the first day after feeding. Hematological and immunological indicators of blood were determined in the taken blood of the host. As a result of the study of the blood of the sick, significant changes were found, compared to conditionally healthy ones. It was manifested by an increase in erythrocytes and leukocytes. The leukocyte formula looked like in most pathological conditions of the inflammatory process. The obtained indicators of the experiment make it possible to quickly assess the presence of physiological disorders in the early stages of the disease.
References
Baskova I.P. 2015. Hirudotheraphy scientific basements. Humoral link. Akvarius, Tula.
Kumar S.A. 2012. Anti inflammatory effect of leech therapy in the patients of psoriasis (ek kustha). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation 1(1): 71–74.
Vallejo J.R., González J.A. 2015. The medicinal use of leeches in contemporary Spain: between science and tradition. Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica 13(1): 131–158.
Huang H., Ruxue L., Li Y., Huang Q., Gao N., Zou W. 2021. Hirudo (Leech) for proliferative vitreous retinopathy: a protocol for systemic review and metaanalysis. Medicine 100(3): e24412. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000024412
Wollina U., Heinig B., Nowak A. 2016. Medicinal leech therapy (Hirudotherapy). Our Dermatology Online 7(1): 91–96. https://doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20161.24
Liu J., Sui Y. 2015. Effects of leech superfine powder on the level of serum lipid in the rabbit of atherosclerosis model. Journal of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 17(6): 26–28.
Rehman S. 2020. Management of diabetic foot ulcer by Hirudo medicinalis the “Healing Leech”. In: Diabetic foot ulcer. (Eds. M. Zubair, J. Ahmad, A. Malik, M.R. Talluri). Springer, Singapore: 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7639-3_19
Yang F., Li Y., Guo S., Pan Y., Yan C., Chen Z. 2021. Hirudo lyophilized powder ameliorates renal injury in diabetic rats by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021: article ID 6657673. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6657673
Tashiro K., Fujiki M., Arikawa M., Kagaya Y., Miyamoto S. 2016. Free flap salvage after recurrent venous thrombosis by means of large-scale treatment with medicinal leeches. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Glob Open 4(12): e1157. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000001157
Krashenyuk A.I. 2020. Neurotrophic (neural stimulating) and neuromediator effects of Hirudo medicinalis. Pathogenetic mechanism of treatment of diseases of the nervous system of the human. Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 4(3): 4–9. https://doi.org/10.31080/ASMS.2020.04.0552
Asgari S.A., Rostami S., Teimoori M. 2017. Leech therapy for treating priapism: case report. Iranian Journal of Public Health 46(7): 985–988.
Baranzini N., De V.A., Orlandi V.T., Reguzzoni M., Monti L., de Eguileor M., Rosini E., Pollegioni L., Tettamanti G., Acquati F., Grimaldi A. 2020. Antimicrobial role of RNASET2 protein during innate immune response in the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana. Frontiers in Immunology 11: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00370
Malik B., Astuti D.A., Arief D.J.F., Rahminiwati M. 2019. A study on antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of saliva extract of Indonesian local leeches. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 251: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/251/1/012061
Ojo P.O., Babayi H., Olayemi I.K., Peter O.O., Fadipe L.A., Baba E., Izebe K. 2018. Anti-tubercular activities and molecular characterization of salivary extract of leech (Hirudo medicinalis) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Tuberculosis Research 6(1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2018.61001
Shakouri A., Kahroba H., Hamishekar H., Abdolalizadeh J. 2021. Nanoencapsulation of Hirudo medicinalis proteins in liposomes as a nanocarrier for inhibiting angiogenesis through targeting VEGFA in the Breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). BioImpacts 12(2): 115–126, https://doi.org/10.34172/bi.2021.39
Kalender M.E., Comez G., Sevinc A., Dirier A., Camci C. 2010. Leech therapy for symptomatic relief of cancer pain. Pain Medicine 11(3): 443–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00800.x
Fattakhov N.K., Tilyakhodzhaeva G.B., Abdulkhakimov A.R. 2021. Efficiency of application of hirudotherapy to have been having coronaviral infection. Journal of Applied Research 7(4): 2908–2911.
Aminov R.F., Frolov A.K. 2018. The impact of fetal load of Hirudo verbana saline extract antigens morphometrical, hematological and immunological parameters of rats in the early stages of postembryonic development. Annals of Parasitology 64(1): 13–20. https://doi.org/10.17420/ap6401.127
Aminov R., Aminova A. 2021. Indirect effect of substances of the hemophagous parasite Hirudo verbana on the immune system of the host rats. Annals of Parasitology 67(4): 603–610. https://doi.org/10.17420/ap6704.376
Aminov R., Aminova A., Makyeyeva L. 2022. Morphological parameters of spleen and thymus of the male rats on the basis of the hirudological influence of Hirudo verbena. Annals of Parasitology.68(1): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.17420/ap6801.408
Amani L., Motamed N., Mirabzadeh A.M., Dehghan S.M., Malek M. 2021. Semi-solid product of medicinal leech enhances wound healing in rats. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products 16(4): e113910. https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.113910
Trenholme H.N., Masseau I., Reinero C.R. 2021. Hirudotherapy (medicinal leeches) for treatment of upper airway obstruction in a dog. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 31(5): 661–667. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13094
Frolov A.K., Litvinenko R.A. 2015. Basic morphofunctional features of pharmaceutic leech (Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820) tissues in various forms of response after hirudotherapeutic procedures. Annals of Parasitology 61(1): 27–35.
